Genes encoding mycobacterial proteins associated with cell binding and cell entry and uses thereof

ABSTRACT

A gene from a strain of Mycobacterium encoding a protein of molecular weight between about 45 to about 60 kDa and associated with cell binding and cell entry was cloned. The genes and encoded protein have utility in immunogenic preparations or diagnostic applications.

FIELD OF INVENTION

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of molecular biology and is particularly concerned with genes encoding mycobacterial proteins associated with cell binding and cell entry and uses thereof.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] Tuberculosis (TB) is a major cause of mortality throughout the world, particularly in developing countries. There are about 8 to 9 million new cases of clinical disease reported every year and the number of deaths is estimated to be about 3 million. In the U.S. the trend of steady decline in TB has reversed and the problem is compounded by increasing numbers of drug-resistant strains. The tuberculosis complex is a group of four mycobacterial species that are genetically closely related. The three most important members are Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the major cause of human TB; Mycobacterium africanum, a major human pathogen in some populations; and Mycobacterium bovis, the cause of bovine TB. None of these mycobacteria is restricted in being pathogenic for a single host species.

[0003] In addition to being an important human disease, TB is also a major veterinary problem in many countries. Infection of cattle with M. bovis results in bovine TB and all animals showing any signs of infection are systematically slaughtered. The economic losses are thus extensive, and furthermore, cattle can serve as a reservoir for human disease.

[0004] In a majority of cases of infection, inhaled tubercle bacilli are ingested by phagocytic alveolar macrophages and are either killed or grow intracellularly to a limited extent in local lesions called tubercles. In this way the infection is limited and the primary sites of infection are walled off without any symptoms of disease being observed. Such individuals have a lifetime risk of about 10% for developing active disease. In a latter eventuality, bacilli spread from the site of infection in the lung, through the lung and via lymphatics or blood to other parts of the body producing characteristic solid caseous (cheese-like) necrosis in which bacilli survive. If the necrotic reaction expands breaking into a bronchus, or in the worst case, if the solid necrosis liquefy, a rapid proliferation of the bacilli occurs. The pathological and inflammatory processes set in motion then produce the characteristic weakness, fever, chest pain, cough and bloody sputum which are the hallmarks of active TB.

[0005] Effective treatment of TB with antibiotics exists. However, this is expensive and requires prolonged administration of a combination of drugs. There is a problem in compliance with the drug administration regime because of the extended time periods involved and this has contributed to the appearance of drug resistant strains. There is a recognized vaccine for TB which is an attenuated form of M. bovis, known as BCG (bacilla Calmette Guérin). This strain was developed in 1921 and the basis for its attenuation is still not known (ref. 1—throughout this application, various references are cited in parentheses to describe more fully the state of the art to which this invention pertains. Full bibliographic information for each citation is found at the end of the specification, immediately preceding the claims. The disclosure of these references are hereby incorporated by reference into the present disclosure). The efficacy of BCG as a TB vaccine is a subject of controversy and has been estimated in various trials to be anywhere between 0 and 70%.

[0006] The molecular basis for the virulence and pathogenesis of M. tuberculosis have not been extensively described. Some virulence factors, particularly those related to the sigma factors have been recently identified (ref. 2). M. tuberculosis can enter non-phagocytic cells in culture, such as HeLa cells (ref. 3) and once inside can multiply and survive. Recently, a DNA molecule (1535 bp long) from a strain of M. tuberculosis (H37Ra) was reported to mediate the entry of the bacterium and its survival in mammalian cells (ref. 4). This DNA fragment when introduced into a non-pathogenic strain of E. coli is able to confer invasiveness to the bacterium, and survival for up to 24 hours in human macrophages. The mce gene (mycobacterial cell entry) gene was mapped to an Open Reading Frame (ORF) extending from position 182 to 810 on the 1535 bp DNA fragment mentioned above and encodes a protein of molecular weight between 22 and 27 kDa.

[0007] Mycobacterial infection may lead to serious disease. It would be advantageous to provide genes encoding proteins of mycobacteria associated with cell binding and cell entry for the provision of these proteins as antigens in immunogenic preparations including vaccines, carriers for other materials including antigens and the generation of diagnostic reagents. The genes encoding mycobacterial proteins associated with cell binding and cell entry are particularly desirable and useful in the specific identification and diagnosis of mycobacteria and for immunization against disease caused by mycobacterial infection.

SUMMARY OF INVENTION

[0008] In the present invention, the gene of Mycobacterium bovis encoding the protein associated with cell binding and cell entry has been isolated and cloned and found to encode a protein of molecular weight about 45 to about 60 kDa. Corresponding genes have been detected in other members of the tuberculosis complex, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

[0009] Accordingly, in one aspect of the invention, there is provided an isolated nucleic acid molecule encoding a Mycobacterium protein having a molecular weight of about 45 to about 60 kDa associated with cell binding and cell entry of a Mycobacterium strain.

[0010] The Mycobacterium strain is a strain of the tuberculosis complex, which includes a strain of M. tuberculosis and M. bovis as well as the other members of the complex, including M. africanum.

[0011] The protein associated with cell binding and cell entry encoded by the nucleic acid molecule may have an amino acid composition as shown in Table 2.

[0012] The nucleic acid molecule of the invention may have a restriction map as shown in FIG. 5. This restriction map is for the gene from the M. bovis strain BCG. The nucleic acid molecule also may have the restriction map of the corresponding genes in other mycobacteria from the tuberculosis complex.

[0013] The nucleic acid molecule may have a DNA sequence as shown in FIG. 6 (SEQ ID No: 2) for M. bovis strain BCG or the sequence of the corresponding gene in other mycobacteria from the tuberculosis complex.

[0014] The nucleic acid molecule also may encode an amino acid sequence as shown in FIG. 7 (SEQ ID No: 3) for M. bovis strain BCG or the sequence encoding the corresponding protein in other mycobacteria from the tuberculosis complex.

[0015] In another aspect of the invention, there is provided an isolated DNA molecule amplifiable by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by a pair of primers having the sequence of primers 4879 (SEQ ID No: 12) and 4882 (SEQ ID No: 15); or 4879 (SEQ ID No: 12) and 4865 (SEQ ID No: 11); or 4879 (SEQ ID No: 12) and 4812 (SEQ ID No: 10). The DNA molecule may be from a member of the tuberculosis complex, particularly M. tuberculosis and M. bovis.

[0016] In an additional aspect, the present invention includes a vector adapted for transformation of a host, comprising a nucleic acid molecule or DNA molecule provided herein. The invention further includes a plasmid containing the gene of a strain of Mycobacterium encoding the protein associated with cell binding and cell entry having the identifying characteristics of plasmid pBCGcepX having ATCC Deposit No. 97511.

[0017] The vector may be adapted for expression of the encoded protein in a heterologous or homologous host, in either a lipidated or non-lipidated form. Accordingly, a further aspect of the present invention provides an expression vector adapted for transformation of a host comprising a nucleic acid molecule or DNA molecule as provided herein and expression sequences operatively coupled to the nucleic acid molecule or DNA molecule for expression by the host of the protein associated with cell binding and cell entry. The expression sequences may include a promoter and a nucleic acid portion encoding a leader sequence for secretion from the host of the protein. The expression sequences may also include a nucleic acid portion encoding a lipidation signal for expression from the host of a lipidated form of the protein. The host may be selected from, for example, Escherichia coli, Bordetella, Bacillus, Haemophilus, Moraxella, fungi, yeast or baculovirus and Semliki Forest virus expression systems may be used.

[0018] In an additional aspect of the invention, there is provided a transformed host containing an expression vector as provided herein. The invention further includes a recombinant mycobacterial protein associated with cell binding and cell entry producible by the transformed host as provided herein.

[0019] In accordance with another aspect of the invention, an immunogenic composition is provided which comprises at least one active component which is a nucleic acid molecule, DNA molecule or protein as provided herein and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier therefor or vector therefor. The at least one active component produces an immune response when administered to a host.

[0020] The immunogenic compositions provided herein may be formulated as vaccines for in vivo administration to a host. For such purpose, the compositions may be formulated as a microparticle, capsule, ISCOM or liposome preparation. The immunogenic composition may be provided in combination with a targeting molecule for delivery to specific cells of the immune system or to mucosal surfaces. The immunogenic compositions of the invention (including vaccines) may further comprise at least one aother immunogenic or immunostimulating material and the immunostimulating material may be at least one adjuvant or at least one cytokine.

[0021] In accordance with another aspect of the invention, there is provided a method for generating an immune response in a host, comprising the step of administering to a susceptible host, such as a primate including a human, an effective amount of the immunogenic composition as recited above. The immune response may be a humoral or a cell-mediated immune response and may provide protection against disease caused by mycobacteria.

[0022] In a further aspect, there is provided a live vector for delivery of the mycobacterial protein associated with cell binding and cell entry to a host, comprising a vector containing the nucleic acid molecule or DNA molecule as described above. The vector may be selected from Salmonella, adenovirus, poxvirus, vaccinia and poliovirus.

[0023] The nucleic acid and DNA molecules provided herein are useful in diagnostic applications. Accordingly, in a further aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of determining the presence, in a sample, of nucleic acid encoding a mycobacterial protein associated with cell binding and cell entry, comprising the steps of:

[0024] (a) contacting the sample with a nucleic acid or DNA molecule as provided herein to produce duplexes comprising the nucleic acid or DNA molecule and any nucleic acid molecule encoding the protein present in the sample and specifically hybridizable therewith; and

[0025] (b) determining the production of the duplexes.

[0026] In addition, the present invention provides a diagnostic kit for determining the presence, in a sample, of nucleic acid encoding protein of a strain of Mycobacterium associated with cell binding and cell entry, comprising:

[0027] (a) a nucleic acid or DNA molecule as provided herein;

[0028] (b) means for contacting the nucleic acid or DNA molecule with the sample to produce duplexes comprising the nucleic acid or DNA molecule and any nucleic acid encoding the protein present in the sample and hybridizable with the nucleic acid or DNA molecule; and

[0029] (c) means for determining production of the duplexes.

[0030] The present invention additionally includes the use of a gene amplification detection assay for the detection of mycobacteria. Accordingly, in this aspect of the invention, there is provided a method for the detection of a species of mycobacteria in a sample such as tissue or body fluids, which comprises:

[0031] providing a pair of primers which are primers 4879 (SEQ ID No: 12) and 4882 (SEQ ID No: 15); or 4879 (SEQ ID No. 12) and 4865 (SEQ ID No: 11); or 4879 (SEQ ID No: 12) and 4812 (SEQ ID No: 10);

[0032] contacting the sample with the primers;

[0033] performing a polymerase chain reaction to amplify an amplifiable DNA sequence encoding a mycobacterial protein associated with cell binding or cell entry, and

[0034] detecting the amplified DNA sequence which indicates the presence of a species of Mycobacterium in the sample.

[0035] The present invention further includes, in a further aspect, an oligonucleotide primer selected from the group consisting of primers 4879 (SEQ ID No: 12), 4882 (SEQ ID No: 15), 4865 (SEQ ID No: 11) and 4812 (SEQ ID No: 10).

[0036] In addition, the present invention includes, in a further aspect, a method of forming a substantially pure recombinant mycobacterial protein associated with cell binding and cell entry which comprises transforming a host with a vector as described above, growing the transformed host to express the protein and isolating and purifying the protein free from other proteinaceous and cellular material.

[0037] In a further aspect of the invention, there is provided an isolated and purified mycobacterial protein of a Mycobacterium species associated with cell binding and cell entry having a molecular weight of about 45 to about 60 kDa. Such protein may be derived from the Mycobacterium, or by recombinant means as described above.

[0038] The proteinaceous material provided herein also may be included in the immunogenic composition as the active component thereof.

[0039] The invention further includes the use of the nucleic acid molecules, DNA molecules and proteins provided herein as medicines. The invention additionally includes the use of the nucleic acid molecules, DNA molecules and proteins provided herein as an active pharmaceutical substance and in the preparation of medicaments for protection against disease caused by infection by Mycobacterium.

[0040] Advantages of the present invention include:

[0041] an isolated and purified nucleic acid molecule encoding a mycobacterial protein of a strain of Mycobacterium associated with cell binding and cell entry;

[0042] Mycobacterial proteins associated with cell binding and cell entry; and

[0043] diagnostic kits and immunological reagents for specific identification of mycobacteria.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0044] The present invention will be further understood from the following General Description and specific Examples with reference to the drawings, in which:

[0045]FIG. 1, containing panels A, B and C shows the amplification of genes encoding mycobacterial proteins associated with cell binding and cell entry by the polymerase chain reaction procedure;

[0046]FIG. 2, containing panels (A) and (B), shows a Southern blot analysis of the genes encoding mycobacterial proteins associated with cell binding and cell entry;

[0047]FIG. 3 illustrates plasmids containing genes encoding mycobacterial proteins associated with cell binding and cell entry;

[0048]FIG. 4 shows the nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID No: 1) of a DNA molecule containing the gene encoding the mycobacterial protein associated with cell binding and cell entry;

[0049]FIG. 5 shows a restriction enzyme analysis of the gene encoding the mycobacterial protein associated with cell binding and cell entry;

[0050]FIG. 6 shows the coding sequence (SEQ ID No: 2) of the gene encoding the mycobacterial protein associated with cell binding and cell entry;

[0051]FIG. 7 shows the nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID No: 2) and the deduced amino acid sequence (SEQ ID No: 3) of the mycobacterial protein associated with cell binding and cell entry;

[0052]FIG. 8 shows a comparison of the DNA sequences of the M. bovis gene encoding a mycobacterial protein associated with cell binding and cell entry (BCGINV-33) (SEQ ID No: 2) and a DNA fragment of M. tuberculosis described in the art (MTMCE) (SEQ ID No: 17);

[0053]FIG. 9 shows the identification of genes encoding the mycobacterial protein associated with cell binding and cell entry in clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis;

[0054]FIG. 10 shows the further characterization of genes encoding the mycobacterial protein associated with cell binding and cell entry in other strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis; and

[0055]FIG. 11, containing panels A and B, shows the specific identification of mycobacteria from other bacteria.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0056] Referring to FIG. 1, there is illustrated the PCR amplification of the gene encoding the mycobacterial protein associated with cell binding and cell entry from M. bovis BCG. The gene is sometimes referred to herein as the mce gene. The sequence of the various primers shown in FIG. 1 are listed in Table 1 below.

[0057] Two primers, 4676 (SEQ ID No: 4) and 4677 (SEQ ID No: 5) corresponding to the 5′ and 3′ ends of the ORF1 sequence (181 bp to 810 bp) encoding the mce of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is part of the 1535 bp insert, were designed according to the sequence published by Arruda et al (ref. 4) to amplify the corresponding mce gene from BCG. PCR experiments with BCG DNA and subsequent electrophoresis did not yield the expected DNA band (panel A, Lane 2; panel B, Lane 2; FIG. 1), whereas the control plasmid pZX7, (labelled as pBmce Lane 1, panel A, FIG. 1) gave the expected amplification product. Another pair of oligomers, 4414 (SEQ ID No: 6) and 4448 (SEQ ID No: 9), which prime in the ORF at sequences a few bases removed from the ends (approximately 20), do give the expected product of the correct size for both BCG and the control plasmid. Other amplifications were carried out using primer pairs 4676 (SEQ ID No: 4)/4448 (SEQ ID No: 9), 4414 (SEQ ID No: 6)/4447 (SEQ ID No: 8) and 4415 (SEQ ID No: 16)/4447 (SEQ ID No: 8), the products were analyzed by gel electrophoresis and the results shown in FIG. 1. Only primer pairs 4676/4448 and 4414/4448 yield expected amplification products from PCR reactions on BCG DNA, based on the published Mycobacterium tuberculosis mce gene sequence. The control experiments using plasmid pZX7 (labelled as pBmce or “plasmid” in FIG. 1) all gave the expected sized amplified fragment.

[0058] To clone the corresponding gene from M. bovis BCG, the gene was identified on particular fragments of the M. bovis genome by Southern blot hybridization using an mce gene-specific probe.

[0059] Restriction enzyme digestion of M. bovis BCG DNA and subsequent Southern blot analysis using a PCR amplified product (primer pairs 4414/4448; Lane 2; panel A, FIG. 1) as a probe, indicated the presence of the mce gene on 1.5 kb and 5 kb fragment of Sal I and Xho I digests (FIG. 2). The corresponding bands were cut out and ligated into suitably digested pUC18 and pBluescript II sk(+) plasmids respectively. The libraries obtained after transformation of competent E. coli cells were probed for the mce gene by hybridization and two positive clones were identified. These clones were grown, plasmid isolated and analyzed to yield two plasmids: plasmid pBCGcepX contained an approximately 5 kb DNA insert hybridizing to mce gene-specific probe and another plasmid pBCGcepS containing a 1.5 kb Sal I insert also hybridizing to the mce gene-specific probe (FIG. 3).

[0060] The inserts of plasmids pBCGcepS and pBCGcepX were sequenced by the primer walking technique. Plasmid pBCGcepS contained a 1.5 kb insert (shown in dark box, FIG. 3) containing the M. bovis BCG gene and also an irrelevant tandem 1.5 kb Sal I insert (shown in grey box, FIG. 3). The sequence data from the inserts were aligned using a sequence assembly program from Intelligenetics. It was found that the 1.5 kb SalI insert of pBCGcepS was an internal fragment of the larger pBCGcepX clone. The complete sequence of the 4740 bp DNA fragment cloned into plasmid pBCGcepX (SEQ ID No: 1) is illustrated in FIG. 4.

[0061] The ORF of the mce gene of Mycobacterium tuberculosis previously described (ref. 4) is an internal sequence of the BCG gene provided herein. The corresponding Mycobacterium tuberculosis ORF starts at position 2336 and is identical to the M. bovis BCG sequence for the next 602 bp. The two sequences then diverge and the Mycobacterium tuberculosis sequence ends in a stop codon 21 bp along, whereas, the BCG ORF continues for another 423 bp. The putative start of the M. bovis BCG gene is also 505 bp upstream of the GTG start sequence of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis mce gene. The sequences are, therefore, quite different. The alignment of nucleic acid sequences illustrating the coding sequence identity and the differences in 5′ and 3′ sequences between the inserts of plasmid pZX7 (ref. 4) and pBCGcepX are shown in FIG. 8.

[0062] A chart listing endonuclease digestion sites for the 4.7 kb insert in pBCGcepX is shown in FIG 5.

[0063] The 4740 bp DNA sequence was searched for possible open reading frames (ORFs). An ORF was found between positions 1802 and 3383 of the sequence (FIG. 4). The DNA sequence of this open reading frame (SEQ ID No: 2) is shown in FIG. 6. The ORF starts at ATG and there is a stop codon at TGA. The open reading frame is 1581 nucleotides long. Other putative ATG and GTG start codons in the DNA sequence encoding the mycobacterial protein of M. bovis BCG associated with cell binding and cell entry are shown boxed in FIG. 4. The start codon of the MceP protein proposed by Arruda et al., (ref. 4) is shown in FIG. 4 at nucleotide position 2336. The open reading frame (SEQ ID No: 2) encodes a protein of 527 amino acids and a molecular weight of about 55 kDa. This may be a precursor protein with a signal sequence at the N-terminus which may be removed during post-translational processing. The sequence of the protein of M. bovis BCG associated with cell binding and cell entry is shown in FIG. 7 (SEQ ID No: 3). The translation frames for the ORFI of Mycobacterium tuberculosis mce gene (ref. 4) and the M. bovis BCG gene described herein are the same. Therefore, the MceP protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is also an internal polypeptide of the protein from M. bovis BCG provided herein.

[0064] As explained above, a prior art gene involved in mediating cell entry of M. tuberculosis H37Ra (and described in reference 4) is quite different than that provided herein isolated for the first time from M. bovis BCG.

[0065] Referring to FIG. 9, there is illustrated the identification of a gene corresponding to the gene of M. bovis BCG as provided herein from clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis. The DNA from twelve different clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis was subjected to PCR using primer combination 4676/4677 (the positions relative to the published mce gene of M. tuberculosis is shown at the bottom of FIG. 9) and no amplification of a discrete product of the expected size was observed. In contrast, however, primer combinations 4676/4448 and 4414/4448 did yield fragments of about 600 bp (FIG. 9), which is the correct size as predicted from the sequence of the gene encoding the protein associated with cell binding and cell entry as provided herein of M. bovis BCG. Further PCR reactions using DNA from a M. tuberculosis clinical isolate TB243 (from the USA) were performed using primer combinations based upon the sequence of the inserted fragment in pBCGcepX derived from M. bovis BCG. Primer 4879 is designed based upon a sequence 3′ to the putative stop codon at position 3383 (bottom of FIG. 10). PCR amplification using primer pair 4879/4865 in reactions with BCG and M. tuberculosis (TB243) DNA give a single amplified product of the expected size (approximately 2.6 kb). PCR amplification using primer pair 4879/4812 also produced a band of the correct size but mispriming also produced other smaller products. Primer 4880 is designed to span the stop codon sequence in ORF1 described for the M. tuberculosis H37Ra mce gene (ref. 4). Therefore, primer pair 4879/4880 should not yield an approximately 1.1 kb amplified product. Although misprimed products were observed, no 1.1 kb product was obtained in PCR reactions containing M. bovis BCG or M. tuberculosis clinical isolate DNA (Lanes F and I, FIG. 10). None of these primer combinations produced any PCR products using plasmid pZX7 as the template (ref. 4). This is expected since the insert in this plasmid is devoid of the 5′ sequences observed for the M. bovis BCG gene encoding the mycobacterial protein associated with cell entry and cell binding, as provided herein. PCR reactions with other primer combinations such as 4676/4880, 4676/4881 and 4879/4882 were performed with plasmid pZX7 as well as with M. bovis BCG and M. tuberculosis (TB243) DNA. Amplification of pZX7 with oligomer pair 4676/4880 (primer 4880 spans a sequence flanking the stop codon of the published M. tuberculosis mce ORF) yielded the expected sized DNA fragment. PCR amplification with the same primer pair leads to several amplification products from the BCG and M. tuberculosis clinical isolate DNA and was most likely due to non-specific priming. PCR using primers 4676/4881 (the latter spanning the sequence corresponding to 4880, in M. bovis BCG) yielded the correct sized band in M. bovis BCG, and M. tuberculosis, while no product was obtained for plasmid pZX7 (lanes N, Q and K, FIG. 10). Again, the products expected based on the BCG sequence were observed on PCR amplification using primers 4879 and 4882 (the latter constituting a sequence spanning the stop codon of the M. bovis BCG sequence).

[0066] It was clear from the PCR amplification experiments on M. bovis BCG DNA, using primers designed from the sequence of M. tuberculosis H37Ra (ref. 4), that the M. bovis BCG gene was different. The gene encoding a mycobacterial protein associated with cell binding and cell entry as provided herein is present in a number of clinical isolates from m. tuberculosis and encodes a protein of molecular weight of about 55,000. Thus, a prior art gene encoding a protein involved in mediating cell entry of M. tuberculosis H37Ra (ref. 4) may be a naturally occurring truncated variant of the more frequently encountered gene encoding a mycobacterial protein associated with cell binding and cell entry having a molecular weight of about 45,000 to about 60,000 and may reflect the different source of the prior art gene and the gene provided herein and may be due to cloning artifacts of the prior art work.

[0067] In a diagnostic embodiment, the gene of the present invention is useful for specifically distinguishing mycobacteria from other pathogens. The use of the 4.7 kb insert of pBCGcepX as a probe in Southern blots of Xho I restriction enzyme digests of DNA from a number of M. tuberculosis clinical isolates and other pathogens, such as B. pertussis, M. catarrhalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and H. influenzae demonstrate the absence of homologous sequences in non-mycobacterial organisms. In contrast, all of the M. tuberculosis isolates tested have the specific 5 kb fragment described above and this distinguishes them from such other pathogenic organisms, (FIG. 11).

[0068] It is clearly apparent to one skilled in the art, that the various embodiments of the present invention have many applications in the fields of vaccination, diagnosis, treatment of, for example, mycobacterial infections and the generation of immunological and other diagnostic reagents. A further non-limiting discussion of such uses is further presented below.

1. Vaccine Preparation and Use

[0069] Immunogenic compositions, suitable to be used as vaccines, may be prepared from immunogenic mycobacterial protein associated with cell binding and cell entry encoded by the nucleic acid molecules as well as the nucleic acid molecules disclosed herein. The vaccine elicits an immune response which produces antibodies, including anti-cell binding and cell entry protein antibodies and cell-mediated immune responses.

[0070] Immunogenic compositions including vaccines may be prepared as injectables, as liquid solutions or emulsions. The protein and nucleic acid molecules may be mixed with pharmaceutically acceptable excipients which are compatible therewith. Such excipients may include, water, saline, dextrose, glycerol, ethanol, and combinations thereof. The immunogenic compositions and vaccines may further contain auxiliary substances such as wetting or emulsifying agents, pH buffering agents, or adjuvants to enhance the effectiveness of the vaccines. Immunogenic compositions and vaccines may be administered parenterally, by injection subcutaneously, intradermally or intramuscularly. Alternatively, the immunogenic compositions formed according to the present invention, may be formulated and delivered in a manner to evoke an immune response at mucosal surfaces. Thus, the immunogenic composition may be administered to mucosal surfaces by, for example, the nasal or oral (intragastric) routes. Alternatively, other modes of administration including suppositories and oral formulations may be desirable. For suppositories, binders and carriers may include, for example, polyalkylene glycols or triglycerides. Oral formulations may include normally employed incipients such as, for example, pharmaceutical grades of saccharine, cellulose and magnesium carbonate. These compositions may take the form of solutions, suspensions, tablets, pills, capsules, sustained release formulations or powders and contain 1 to 95% of the protein and/or nucleic acid molecules.

[0071] The vaccines are administered in a manner compatible with the dosage formulation, and in such amount as will be therapeutically effective, protective and immunogenic. The quantity to be administered depends on the subject to be treated, including, for example, the capacity of the individual's immune system to synthesize antibodies, and if needed, to produce a cell-mediated immune response. Precise amounts of active ingredient required to be administered depend on the judgment of the practitioner. However, suitable dosage ranges are readily determinable by one skilled in the art and may be of the order of micrograms of the protein and/or nucleic acid molecules. Suitable regimes for initial administration and booster doses are also variable, but may include an initial administration followed by subsequent administrations. The dosage of the vaccine may also depend on the route of administration and will vary according to the size of the host.

[0072] The nucleic acid molecules encoding the mycobacterial protein associated with cell binding and cell entry may be used directly for immunization by administration of the DNA directly, for example, by injection for genetic immunization or by constructing a live vector such as Salmonella, adenovirus, poxvirus, vaccinia or poliovirus. A discussion of some live vectors that have been used to carry heterologous antigens to the immune system are discussed in, for example, O'Hagan (ref 5). Processes for the direct injection of DNA into test subjects for genetic immunization are described in, for example, Ulmer et al. (ref. 6).

[0073] Immunogenicity can be significantly improved if the antigens are co-administered with adjuvants, commonly used as an 0.05 to 1.0 percent solution in phosphate-buffered saline. Adjuvants enhance the immunogenicity of an antigen but are not necessarily immunogenic themselves. Adjuvants may act by retaining the antigen locally near the site of administration to produce a depot effect facilitating a slow, sustained release of antigen to cells of the immune system. Adjuvants can also attract cells of the immune system to an antigen depot and stimulate such cells to elicit immune responses.

[0074] Immunostimulatory agents or adjuvants have been used for many years to improve the host immune responses to, for example, vaccines. Intrinsic adjuvants, such as lipopolysaccharides, normally are the components of the killed or attenuated bacteria used as vaccines. Extrinsic adjuvants are immunomodulators which are typically non-covalently linked to antigens and are formulated to enhance the host immune responses. Thus, adjuvants have been identified that enhance the immune response to antigens delivered parenterally. Some of these adjuvants are toxic, however, and can cause undesirable side-effects, making them unsuitable for use in humans and many animals. Indeed, only aluminum hydroxide and aluminum phosphate (collectively commonly referred to as alum) are routinely used as adjuvants in human and veterinary vaccines. The efficacy of alum in increasing antibody responses to diphtheria and tetanus toxoids is well established and an HBsAg vaccine has been adjuvanted with alum.

[0075] A wide range of extrinsic adjuvants can provoke potent immune responses to antigens. These include saponins complexed to membrane protein antigens (immune stimulating complexes), pluronic polymers with mineral oil, killed mycobacteria and mineral oil, Freund's complete adjuvant, bacterial products, such as muramyl dipeptide (MDP) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), as well as lipid A, and liposomes. To efficiently induce humoral immune responses and cell-mediated immunity, immunogens are often emulsified in adjuvants.

2. Use of Sequences as Hybridization Probes

[0076] The nucleotide sequences of the present invention, encoding a mycobacterial protein associated with cell binding and cell entry, now allow for the identification and cloning of the corresponding genes from any species of Mycobacterium.

[0077] The nucleotide sequences of the present invention are useful for their ability to selectively form duplex molecules with complementary stretches of other genes encoding a mycobacterial protein associated with cell binding and cell entry. Depending on the application, a variety of hybridization conditions may be employed to achieve varying degrees of selectivity of the probe toward these other genes. For a high degree of selectivity, relatively stringent conditions are used to form the duplexes, such as low salt and/or high temperature conditions, such as provided by 0.02 M to 0.15 M NaCl at temperatures of between about 50° C. to 70° C. For some applications, less stringent hybridization conditions are required such as 0.15 M to 0.9 M salt, at temperatures ranging from between about 30° C. to about 55° C. Hybridization conditions can also be rendered more stringent by the addition of formamide, to destabilize the hybrid duplex. Thus, particular hybridization conditions can be readily manipulated, and will generally be a method of choice depending on the desired results. In general, convenient hybridization temperatures in the presence of 50% formamide are: 42° C. for a probe which is 95 to 100% homologous to the target fragment, 37° C. for 90 to 95% homology and 32° C. for 85 to 90% homology.

[0078] In a clinical diagnostic embodiment, the nucleic acid sequences of the genes of the present invention may be used in combination with an appropriate indicator, such as a label, for determining hybridization. A wide variety of appropriate indicators are known in the art, including radioactive, enzymatic or other ligands, such as avidin/biotin and digoxigenin-labelling, which are capable of providing a detectable signal. In some diagnostic embodiments, an enzyme tag such as urease, alkaline phosphatase or peroxidase may be used. In the case of enzyme tags, calorimetric indicator substrates are known which can be employed to provide a reaction visible to the human eye or spectrophotometrically, to identify specific hybridization with samples containing gene sequences.

[0079] The nucleic acid sequences of the present invention are useful as hybridization probes in solution hybridizations and in embodiments employing solid-phase procedures. In embodiments involving solid-phase procedures, the test DNA (or RNA) from samples, such as clinical samples, including exudates, body fluids (e.g., serum, sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid) or even tissues, is adsorbed or otherwise affixed to a selected matrix or surface. The fixed, single-stranded nucleic acid is then subjected to specific hybridization with selected probes comprising the nucleic acid sequences of the genes of the present invention under desired conditions. The selected conditions will depend on the particular circumstances based on the particular criteria required depending on, for example, the G+C contents, type of target nucleic acid, source of nucleic acid, size of hybridization probe etc. Following washing of the hybridization surface so as to remove non-specifically bound probe molecules, specific hybridization is detected, or even quantified, by means of the label or indicator. It is preferred to select nucleic acid sequence portions which are conserved among various species of Mycobacterium. The selected probe may be at least 18 bp and may be in the range of about 30 to about 90 bp, or greater.

3. Expression of the Genes

[0080] Vectors containing replicon and control sequences which are derived from species compatible with the host cell may be used for the expression of the genes encoding a mycobacterial protein associated with cell binding and cell entry. The vector ordinarily carries a replication site, as well as marking sequences which are capable of providing phenotypic selection in transformed cells. For example, E. coil may be transformed using plasmid pBR322 which contains genes for ampicillin and tetracycline resistance and thus provides easy means for identifying transformed cells. The pBR322 plasmid, or other microbial plasmid or phage, must also contain, or be modified to contain, promoters which can be used by the host cell for expression.

[0081] In addition, phage vectors containing replicon and control sequences that are compatible with the host can be used as a transforming vector in connection with these hosts. For example, the phage in lambda GEM™-11 may be utilized in making recombinant phage vectors which can be used to transform host cells, such as E. coli K12 strain LE392.

[0082] Promoters commonly used in recombinant DNA construction include the β-lactamase (penicillinase) and lactose promoter systems and other microbial promoters, such as the T7 RNA polymerase promoter system as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,952,496. Details concerning the nucleotide sequences of promoters are known, enabling a skilled worker to ligate them functionally with genes. The particular promoter used will generally be a matter of choice depending upon the desired results. Hosts that are appropriate for expression of the genes provided herein may include bacteria such as E. coli, Bordetella, Bacillus species, Haemophilus, fungi, yeast, mammalian cells or the baculovirus expression system may be used.

[0083] In accordance with this invention, it is preferred to make the mycobacterial protein associated with cell binding and cell entry by recombinant methods, particularly when the naturally occurring protein as purified from a culture of a species of Mycobacterium may include trace amounts of toxic materials or other contaminants. This problem can be avoided by using recombinantly produced protein in heterologous systems which can be isolated from the host in a manner to minimize contaminants. Particularly desirable hosts for expression in this regard include Gram positive bacteria which do not have LPS and are, therefore, endotoxin free. Such hosts include species of Bacillus and may be particularly useful for the production of non-pyrogenic mycobacterial protein associated with cell entry and cell binding and having a molecular weight of between about 45,000 to about 60,000.

Biological Deposits

[0084] A vector that contains the gene encoding a mycobacterial protein associated with cell binding and cell entry and having a molecular weight of between about 45,000 and about 60,000 from the M. bovis strain BCG that is described and referred to herein has been deposited with the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) located at 12301 Parklawn Drive, Rockville, Md. 20852, USA, pursuant to the Budapest Treaty and prior to the filing of this application. Samples of the deposited vectors will become available to the public upon grant of a patent based upon this United States patent application and all restrictions on access to the deposit will be removed at that time. The invention described and claimed herein is not to be limited in scope by the biological material deposited, since the deposited embodiment is intended only as an illustration of the invention. Any equivalent or similar vectors that encode similar or equivalent antigens as described in this application are within the scope of the invention. Deposit Summary ATCC Deposit Designation Date Deposited Plasmid pBCGcepX 97511 Apr. 11, 1996

EXAMPLES

[0085] The above disclosure generally describes the present invention. A more complete understanding can be obtained by reference to the following specific Examples. These Examples are described solely for purposes of illustration and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Changes in form and substitution of equivalents are contemplated as circumstances may suggest or render expedient. Although specific terms have been employed herein, such terms are intended in a descriptive sense and not for purposes of limitation.

Example 1

[0086] This Example illustrates recombinant DNA methods.

[0087] Restriction enzymes and cloning vectors were obtained from several sources including New England Biolabs, Gibco/BRL Life Technologies, Boehringer Mannheim and Stratagene. Reagents used in DNA isolation protocols were purchased from Sigma Biochemical. Most recombinant DNA manipulations were performed using standard protocols (ref. 7). Sequencing was performed on an Applied Biosystems automated sequencer (370A) using dideoxy terminator chemistry with reagents in kit form and protocols supplied by the manufacturer. The synthesis of oligonucleotides used as primers was performed using an Applied Biosystems (380B) synthesizer. The synthetic polynucleotides were purified on OPC cartridges supplied by Applied Biosystems according to the manufacturers protocol.

[0088]M. bovis BCG DNA was isolated using a modification of a technique described in the literature (ref. 8). A starter culture of M. bovis BCG (Connaught) at A₆₀₀ of 3.4 (10 mL) was inoculated into 100 mL of Middlebrook 7H9 media (Difco Labs) supplemented with ADC enrichment (BBL, to 10%) and Tween 80 (Sigma, 0.05%). This culture was incubated for 14 days at 37° C. in roller bottles, subsequently, 50 mL of culture was centrifuged (6,000 g for 10 min.) to pellet the cells. The pellet was resuspended 1 mL of TE buffer (10 mM Tris-HCl, pH7.5 and 1 mM EDTA) containing 200 μg/mL of Proteinase K (Gibco/BRL) and 10 mg/mL of hen egg white lysozyme (Sigma). The suspension was incubated at 37° C. for 60 min., spun down in a centrifuge (12,000 g for 1 min.) and the pellet resuspended in 1 ml of DNAzol™ reagent with vortexing. The suspension was transferred to a 2 mL screw capped tube filled to a quarter of its volume with glass beads (106 μm or finer) and vortexed vigorously for 10 min. The beads were then allowed to settle and the supernatant transferred to a fresh tube which was centrifuged for 10 minutes at room temperature. The resultant lysate was transferred to a new tube and 0.5 mL of 100% ethanol was added. The tube was inverted several times to mix and the mixture incubated at room temperature for 3 to 5 min. The tube was spun in a centrifuge (at 1,000 g for 2 min.) to pellet the DNA, the supernatant discarded, the pellet washed twice with 1 mL of 95% ethanol and then air dried at room temperature for 15 min. Finally, the pellet was dissolved in 0.2 mL of TE buffer and the quantity of DNA estimated by measuring the optical density at 260 nm in a spectrophotometer. This protocol yields approximately 80 μg of DNA.

Example 2

[0089] This Example describes the PCR amplification of the Mycobacterium bovis BCG gene encoding a mycobacterial protein associated with cell binding and cell entry.

[0090] PCR amplification reactions were carried out on M. bovis BCG chromosomal DNA and pZX7 plasmid (pBluescript(+) from Stratagene) containing the 1535 bp insert from Mycobacterlium tuberculosis H37Ra supplied by Dr. Riley (ref. 4). The primers and their sequences used in PCR amplifications are listed in Table 1. The corresponding positions of these primers relative to the ORF1 encoding the mce gene of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (as published in ref. 4) are illustrated in FIG. 1 as a thick filled line. The amplifications were carried out using the “Hot Start procedure”. Essentially a 40 μL reaction mix containing dNTP's (0.2 mM in 100 μL final volume), buffer and a pair of primers (100 pM of each) was prepared in thin walled eppendorf tubes. To each tube a bead of wax (PCRGem™, 100, Perkin-Elmer) was added and the tube heated to 70° C. for 5 min. Subsequently, the tube was cooled to room temperature for 5 min. and a reaction mix (60 μL) containing buffer (supplied by manufacturer as a 10× concentration), 1 unit of enzyme (Amplitaq™ or Taq′plus′) and DNA template (M. bovis BCG chromosomal DNA 1 μg or 50 ng of plasmid) were added. The tubes where then placed in a Perkin-Elmer Cetus thermal cycler and a cycling sequence started based on the following parameters: Step 1: 93° C. for 1 minute; Step 2: 93° C. for 1 minute, 60° C. for 1 minute; 72° C. for 2 minutes; repeated for 10 cycles; Step 3: 93° C. for 1 minute; 60° C. for 1 minute; 72° C. for 2 minutes (auto ext. 5 seconds); repeated for 20 cycles. Step 4: 72° C. for 10 minutes; and Step 5: Maintain at 4° C.

[0091] The tubes were stored at 4° C. aliquots of 10 μL were run on a 0.8% agarose gel, the bands visualized and photographed.

Example 3

[0092] This Example describes the construction of Mycobacterium bovis BCG libraries.

[0093] Restriction enzyme digestion of M. bovis BCG DNA and subsequent Southern blot using a PCR amplified product (primer pairs 4414/4448; Lane 2; panel A, FIG. 2) as a probe, indicated the presence of the gene on 1.5 kb and 5 kb fragments of Sal I and Xho I digests (FIG. 3). The corresponding bands were cut out and ligated into suitably digested pUC18 and pBluescript II sk(+) plasmids respectively. The libraries obtained after transformation of these plasmids into competent E. coli cells were probed for the gene by hybridization and two positive clones identified. These were grown, plasmid isolated and analyzed to yield two clones. Plasmid pBCGcepX contained an approximately 5 kb DNA insert containing the putative gene and another plasmid pBCGcepS containing a 1.5 kb Sal I insert which also hybridized to the mce gene specific probe. (FIG. 4, dark filled arcs in panels A and B).

[0094] For Southern blot analysis an aliquot of M. bovis BCG DNA (1.2 μg) was digested with restriction endonucleases Eco R I, Hind III, Nde I, Bgl II, Dra III, Sac I, Sal I and Xho I (using 5 to 10 units each). The digestion was carried out in a total volume of 20 μL for 4 hours using standard buffer and conditions. The digests were mixed with loading buffer and run on a 0.8% agarose gel (FIG. 2, panel A). The gel was transferred to a nylon membrane using standard reagents and protocols and the DNA fixed to the membrane. The amplification product of a PCR reaction on BCG DNA using primers 4414 and 4448 (Lane 4, panel A, FIG. 1) was isolated by excising the corresponding band from the gel and extracting the DNA. The isolated DNA was labelled with 32 p using the “Random priming system I” kit (New England Biolabs) for use as a hybridization probe. The membrane was prehybridized, hybridized with the labelled probe overnight at 55° C. and subsequently washed. The blot was exposed to film overnight at room temperature and the autoradiograph developed (FIG. 2: panel B).

[0095]M. bovis BCG DNA was digested with Sal I and Xho I restriction enzymes and the digests run out on a 0.8% agarose gel. Bands of 1.5 kb and 5 kb (panel B, FIG. 2) were excised. The DNA was isolated from these agarose slices and ligated to Sal I digested pUC18 or Xho I digested pBluescript II sk(+) using T4 DNA ligase. The ligation reactions were used to transform competent E. coli K12 strain (TG1) cells and the colonies plated out on LB agar containing ampicillin. These were transferred to nitrocellulose membranes (Schleicher & Schuell) and probed with the labelled polynucleotide used in the above Southern blotting procedure. Positive colonies were identified, isolated, grown up and purified plasmid analyzed for inserted DNA following Sal I or Xho I digestion. Two clones, one containing an approximately 5 kb Xho I insert (pBCGcepX) and another containing a 1.5 kb Sal I (pBCGsepS) insert were identified. These clones were grown up, the plasmid isolated using a kit for high grade plasmid purification (Qiagen) and the genes sequenced.

Example 4

[0096] This Example describes the specific identification of M. tuberculosis from other pathogens by Southern hybridization using the gene encoding the mycobacterial protein associated with cell binding and cell entry.

[0097] The isolated nucleic acid molecule encoding a mycobacterial protein associated with cell binding and cell entry and having a molecular weight of about 45 to about 60 kDa is useful in a diagnostic embodiment for specifically distinguishing mycobacteria from other pathogens.

[0098] Chromosomal DNA (1 μg) from M. bovis BCG (Connaught); M. tuberculosis clinical isolates TB188, TB421 and TB458 from U.S.A., Uganda and Brazil respectively, and B. pertussis, B. catarrhalis, P. auregenosa and H. influenzae (Eagan strain) were digested with Xho I. The digests together with undigested chromosomal BCG DNA were electrophoresed on a 0.8% agarose gel and blotted onto a nylon membrane. The 5 kb XhoI insert of plasmid pBCGcepX was isolated labelled with ³²P and used as a probe for the Southern blot. The blot was washed and exposed to film. The gel and auto radiograph after a 48 hour exposure are illustrated in FIG. 11.

SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE

[0099] In summary of this disclosure, the present invention provides isolated nucleic acid molecules which encode a protein of a Mycobacterium strain associated with cell binding and cell entry and having a molecular weight of about 45 to about 60 kDa as well as the isolated and purified protein encoded thereby. Modifications are possible within the scope of this invention. TABLE 1 Sequence of PCR Primers SEQ. PRIMER # SEQUENCE (5′-3′) ID NO. 4676 CCGCGGATCCGTGAACGCCGACATCAAGGCGACC 4 4677 CATGGATCCCTATGCGGCAGCCCCGCGGTCAGG` 5 4414 GTATGTGTCGTTGACCACGCC````````````` 6 4417 ACTCCGGGCCTATGCGGCAGC````````````` 7 4447 GCGTGCATGCGTTCGGCGTGGACCGC```````` 8 4448 TCAGGTCGATCGGCATCGTAGAAG`````````` 9 4812 CGAGCAGCGCAACGACGATGC````````````` 10 4865 CCGTTGCTGATGTGCGCGAG`````````````` 11 4879 CATGGTCAGCCACTGCTACTAC```````````` 12 4880 GAACCACTCCGGGCCTATGCGGC``````````` 13 4881 GATCTCTGAGTTCGTCCTCAGCGAG````````` 14 4882 CGACGGTTCCAGTGATTTTCATGG`````````` 15 4415 CCGTATCTGCAGCGGGGGGTC````````````` 16

[0100] TABLE 2 Amino Acid Composition of the Mycobacterial Cell Binding and Cell Entry Associated Protein of M. bovis BCG Number of Percentage Amino Acids Residues (MW) L - Leucine 53 10.7 R - Arginine 32 8.9 T - Threonine 45 8.1 A - Alanine 60 7.6 V - Valine 40 7.1 S - Serine 43 6.7 P - Proline 38 6.6 D - Aspartic Acid 29 6.0 I - Isoleucine 24 4.9 N - Asparagine 23 4.7 Y - Tyrosine 16 4.7 G - Glycine 45 4.6 F - Phenylalanine 14 3.7 E - Glutamic Acid 15 3.5 K - Lysine 15 3.4 Q - Glutamine 12 2.8 W - Tryptophan  7 2.3 M - Methionine  7 1.6 C - Cysteine  6 1.1 H - Histidine  3 0.7

REFERENCES

[0101] 1. Grange, J. M.; Gibson J; Osborn, T. W.; Collins, C. H. and Yates, M. D. (1983), Tubercle 64: 129-139

[0102] 2. PCT; WO 95/17511, Jacobs, W. R. Jr.; Bloom B. R., Collins, D. M., Delisle, G. W.; Pascopella, L. and Kawakami R. P.

[0103] 3. Shepard, C. C. (1958), J. Exp. Med. 107: 237-45.

[0104] 4. Arruda, S., Bonfim, G.; Huma-Byron, T. and Riley L. W. (1993), Science 261: 1454-1457.

[0105] 5. O'Hagan, (1992), Clin. Pharmokinet. 22:1

[0106] 6. Ulmer et al (1993) Curr. Opinion Invest. Drugs 2(9) 983-989.

[0107] 7. “Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual”, ed Sambrook.

[0108] J.; Fritsch, E. F. and Maniatis, T. (1989) Cold Spring Harbour Laboratory Press.

[0109] 8. Anderberg, R. J. Strachan, J. A. and Cangelosis, G. A. (1995), BioTechniques 18: 217-219

1 17 1 4739 DNA Mycobacterium tuberculosis 1 atcgtggacg ctctgccccg caaccccgcg gggaaggtgc tcaagactga actgcgattg 60 cgctacggcg cctgtgtgaa tgttgaaaga cgttctgcat cagctggttt cacggagaga 120 agggaaaatc gacagaaatt gtaacgtttg cccgctattg acgaagggtt aaatgtgcgg 180 atgccttaca ctcctggctg gccatcgggt agattcctgt ggtctccgtt actccctgtg 240 agtaacgagg tggcggtcac acaccaaggg tcggggcaag gaagaagcgt gcgacatgat 300 gcgccgcggc gccgcgatac ccaggtcggc ggcttgaggg agccgcggtg acgacgtcga 360 caacgcttgg cggttacgtc cgcgaccaac tgcaaacccc gctgaccctc gtcggtggat 420 tctttcgcat gtgtgtgctg actggaaagg cgctgtttcg ctggccgttc cagtggcgcg 480 agttcattct gcagtgctgg ttcatcatgc gggtcggatt tttaccgacg atcatggtct 540 cgataccgct gacggtgctg ttgatcttca cgctcaatat tctgctggcc cagttcggcg 600 cggcagacat ctccggttcc ggcgcggcga tcggcgcggt cacccagctt ggcccgctga 660 caacggtgct ggtggtcgcc ggcgccggat ccacggccat ctgcgccgac ctgggtgccc 720 gcaccatccg cgaggaaatc gacgcgatgg aggtgctggg catcgatccc atccaccgtc 780 tggtggtgcc gcgggtgctc gcctcgatgc tggtcgccac gctgctcaac ggcttggtga 840 tcaccgtcgg cctggtcggt ggctttctct tcggtgtcta tctgcagaac gtttcgggcg 900 gcgcctacct tgccacgctg accttgatca ccggcctgcc cgaggtggtc atcgcaacca 960 tcaaagccgc aacgttcggc ctgatcgcgg gccttgtcgg ctgctatcgg gggctgaccg 1020 tccgtggcgg ttccaagggt cttggcaccg ccgtcaacga gaccgtggtg ctgtgtgtga 1080 ttgccctgtt cgccgtcaac gtgatcttga cgaccatcgg tgtgcgattc gggacggggc 1140 gctgacatgt cgaccgctgc tgtgctgcgc gcccgcttcc cgcgggcggt cgccaacctt 1200 cgtcaatatg gaggtgcggc ggcccgtgga ttggacgagg ccggccagct cacctggttc 1260 gctttgacca gcatcgggca gatcgcgcac gcgctgcgct actaccgcaa ggagacgctg 1320 cggctgatcg cccagatcgg catgggtacc ggcgcgatgg ccgtcgtcgg cggcacggtc 1380 gccatcgttg gctttgtcac gctgtccggc agctcgctgg tcgcaatcca gggcttcgcg 1440 tcgctgggca acatcggtgt cgaggcgttc accgggttct tcgccgcact gatcaacgtg 1500 cgcatcgccg gcccagttgt cacgggtgtc gccctggcgg ccacggtcgg tgcgggtgct 1560 acggccgagc tgggcgcgat gcggatcagc gaggagatcg atgccctgga agtgatgggc 1620 ataaagtcga tctcgtttct ggcctccacc cggatcatgg ccgggctggt ggtgatcatc 1680 ccgctgtacg cgttggcgat gattatgtcg ttcctgtccc cgcagatcac caccacggtg 1740 ctctacgggc agtcgaacgg cacctacgag cattactttc aaacgttcct gcgtcccgac 1800 gatgtctttt ggtccttctt ggaggccctc atcatcactg cgatcgtcat ggtcagccac 1860 tgctactacg ggtacgccgc cggtggaggc cccgtcggtg tcggcgaggc cgtcggccga 1920 tcgatgcgtt tctcgttggt ctcggtgcag gtcgttgtcc tgtttgcagc gttggcgctc 1980 tacggtgtcg acccgaactt caatctcacg gtgtagccgc atgacgacgc cggggaagct 2040 gaacaaggcg cgagtgccgc cctacaagac ggcgggtttg ggtctagtgc tggtcttcgc 2100 gctcgtagtt gccttggtat acctgcagtt tcgcggggag ttcacgccca agacgcagtt 2160 gacgatgctg tccgctcgtg cgggtttggt gatggatccc gggtcgaagg tcacctataa 2220 cggggtggag atcgggcggg tagacaccat ctcggaggtc acacgtgacg gcgagtcggc 2280 ggccaagttc atcttggatg tggatccgcg ttacatccac ctgattccgg caaatgtgaa 2340 cgccgacatc aaggcgacca cggtgttcgg cggtaagtat gtgtcgttga ccacgccgaa 2400 aaacccgaca aagaggcgga taacgccaaa agacgtcatc gacgtacggt cggtgaccac 2460 cgagatcaac acgttgttcc agacgctcac ctcgatcgcc gagaaggtgg atccggtcaa 2520 gctgaacctg accctgagcg cggccgcgga ggcgttgacc gggctgggcg ataagttcgg 2580 cgagtcgatc gtcaacgcca acaccgttct ggatgacctc aattcgcgga tgccgcagtc 2640 gcgccacgac attcagcaat tggcggctct gggcgacgtc tacgccgacg cggcgccgga 2700 cctgttcgac tttctcgaca gttcggtgac caccgcccgc accatcaatg cccagcaagc 2760 ggaactggat tcggcgctgt tggcggcggc cgggttcggc aacaccacag ccgatgtctt 2820 cgaccgcggc gggccgtatc tgcagcgggg ggtcgccgac ctggtcccca ccgccaccct 2880 gctcgacact tatagcccgg aactgttctg cacgatccgc aacttctacg atgccgatcc 2940 gctcgctaaa gcggcggccg gtggcggtaa cggctactcg ctgaggacga actcagagat 3000 cctatccggg ataggtatct ccttgttgtc tcccctggcg ttagccacca atggggcggc 3060 aatcggaatc ggactggtag ccggattgat agcgtcgccc ctcgcggtgg ccgcaaatct 3120 agcgggagcc ctacccggaa tcgttggcgg cgcgcccaat ccctatacct atccggagaa 3180 tctgccgcgg gtgaacgctc gcggtggccc ggggggcgcc cccggttgct ggcagccgat 3240 cacccgggat ctgtggccag cgccgtatct ggtgatggac accggtgcca gcctcgcccc 3300 gtacaaccac atggaggttg gctcgcctta tgcagtcgag tacgtctggg gccgtcaggt 3360 aggggataac acgatcaacc catgaaaatc actggaaccg tcgtcaaact cggcatcgtc 3420 tcggtggtgc tgctgttctt cacggtgatg atcatcgtga ttttcggtca gatgcgcttc 3480 gaccggacta atggctatac cgcggagttc agcaatgtca gcgggctgcg ccaaggccag 3540 tttgtccgtg cttcgggggt agagatcggc aaggtcaaag cactacacct ggtcgacggt 3600 ggccgtcggg ttcgggtgga gttcaatatc gatcgttcgg tgccgttgta tcagtccacg 3660 accgcccaga tccgctattc cgacctgatc ggtaaccggt acgtggagct caaacggggt 3720 gagggcaagg gggccaacga tctgctgccg ccaggtggac tcatcccatt gtcccgcacg 3780 tcaccggcct tggatctgga cgcgttgatc ggtggtttca agccggtgtt tcgggcgttg 3840 gatcccgcga aggtgaacaa catcgccaac gcgctcatca ccgtcttcca ggggcaaggt 3900 ggcaccataa acgacaccct cgaccagacc gcgcaactga ccagccagat cgcggagcgc 3960 gatcaggcga tcggtgaggt tgtcaagaac ctgaacatcg tgctggacac cacggtcaag 4020 catcgaaaag agttcgacga gacggtcaat aacttggaga atctgatcac tgggctgagg 4080 aaccactccg accagttggc cggcggcctc gcgcacatca gcaacggcgc cggcacggtg 4140 gccgacctgc ttgccgagaa tcgcacgttg gtgcgcaagg ccgtcagcta cctggacgct 4200 attcagcaac cggtcatcga ccagcgcgtc gagttggacg acctgctcca caagacgccg 4260 accgcgttga cggcgctcgg acgcgccaac ggaacctacg gcgatttcca gaacttctac 4320 ctctgcgacc tccagatcaa gtggaacgga ttccaagccg gagggccggt ccgcacggtg 4380 aagctcttta gccagccgac gggtaggtgc acgccgcaat gagaacgctg gaaccaccca 4440 accgaatgcg aattgggctc atgggcatcg tcgttgcgct gctcgttgtc gctgtgggcc 4500 aaagctttac cagtgttccc atgctattcg caaagccgag ctactacggc cagttcaccg 4560 actccggcgg actgcacaag ggcgacaggg tacgcatcgc cggcttggga gtgggcaccg 4620 tggaggggct caagatcgac ggcgaccaca tcgtggtcaa gttctccatc ggcaccaaca 4680 ccatcggcac cgagagccgc ctagccatcc gcaccgacac catcctgggt aggaaagtg 4739 2 1584 DNA Mycobacterium tuberculosis 2 atgtcttttg gtccttcttg gaggccctca tcatcactgc gatcgtcatg gtcagccact 60 gctactacgg gtacgccgcc ggtggaggcc ccgtcggtgt cggcgaggcc gtcggccgat 120 cgatgcgttt ctcgttggtc tcggtgcagg tcgttgtcct gtttgcagcg ttggcgctct 180 acggtgtcga cccgaacttc aatctcacgg tgtagccgca tgacgacgcc ggggaagctg 240 aacaaggcgc gagtgccgcc ctacaagacg gcgggtttgg gtctagtgct ggtcttcgcg 300 ctcgtagttg ccttggtata cctgcagttt cgcggggagt tcacgcccaa gacgcagttg 360 acgatgctgt ccgctcgtgc gggtttggtg atggatcccg ggtcgaaggt cacctataac 420 ggggtggaga tcgggcgggt agacaccatc tcggaggtca cacgtgacgg cgactcggcg 480 gccaagttca tcttggatgt ggatccgcgt tacatccacc tgattccggc aaatgtgaac 540 gccgacatca aggcgaccac ggtgttcggc ggtaagtatg tgtcgttgac cacgccgaaa 600 aacccgacaa agaggcggat aacgccaaaa gacgtcatcg acgtacggtc ggtgaccacc 660 gagatcaaca cgttgttcca gacgctcacc tcgatcgccg agaaggtgga tccggtcaag 720 ctgaacctga ccctgagcgc ggccgcggag gcgttgaccg ggctgggcga taagttcggc 780 gagtcgatcg tcaacgccaa caccgttctg gatgacctca attcgcggat gccgcagtcg 840 cgccacgaca ttcagcaatt ggcggctctg ggcgacgtct acgccgacgc ggcgccggac 900 ctgttcgact ttctcgacag ttcggtgacc accgcccgca ccatcaatgc ccagcaagcg 960 gaactggatt cggcgctgtt ggcggcggcc gggttcggca acaccacagc cgatgtcttc 1020 gaccgcggcg ggccgtatct gcagcggggg gtcgccgacc tggtccccac cgccaccctg 1080 ctcgacactt atagcccgga actgttctgc acgatccgca acttctacga tgccgatccg 1140 ctcgctaaag cggcggccgg tggcggtaac ggctactcgc tgaggacgaa ctcagagatc 1200 ctatccggga taggtatctc cttgttgtct cccctggcgt tagccaccaa tggggcggca 1260 atcggaatcg gactggtagc cggattgata gcgtcgcccc tcgcggtggc cgcaaatcta 1320 gcgggagccc tacccggaat cgttggcggc gcgcccaatc cctataccta tccggagaat 1380 ctgccgcggg tgaacgctcg cggtggcccg gggggcgccc ccggttgctg gcagccgatc 1440 acccgggatc tgtggccagc gccgtatctg gtgatggaca ccggtgccag cctcgccccg 1500 tacaaccaca tggaggttgg ctcgccttat gcagtcgagt acgtctgggg ccgtcaggta 1560 ggggataaca cgatcaaccc atga 1584 3 527 PRT Mycobacterium tuberculosis 3 Met Ser Phe Gly Pro Ser Trp Arg Pro Ser Ser Ser Leu Arg Ser Ser 1 5 10 15 Trp Ser Ala Thr Ala Thr Thr Gly Thr Pro Pro Val Glu Ala Pro Ser 20 25 30 Val Ser Ala Arg Pro Ser Ala Asp Arg Cys Val Ser Arg Trp Ser Arg 35 40 45 Cys Arg Ser Leu Ser Cys Leu Gln Arg Trp Arg Ser Thr Val Ser Thr 50 55 60 Arg Thr Ser Ile Ser Arg Cys Ser Arg Met Thr Thr Pro Gly Lys Leu 65 70 75 80 Asn Lys Ala Arg Val Pro Pro Tyr Lys Thr Ala Gly Leu Gly Leu Val 85 90 95 Leu Val Phe Ala Leu Val Val Ala Leu Val Tyr Leu Gln Phe Arg Gly 100 105 110 Glu Phe Thr Pro Lys Thr Gln Leu Thr Met Leu Ser Ala Arg Ala Gly 115 120 125 Leu Val Met Asp Pro Gly Ser Lys Val Thr Tyr Asn Gly Val Glu Ile 130 135 140 Gly Arg Val Asp Thr Ile Ser Glu Val Thr Arg Asp Gly Asp Ser Ala 145 150 155 160 Ala Lys Phe Ile Leu Asp Val Asp Pro Arg Tyr Ile His Leu Ile Pro 165 170 175 Ala Asn Val Asn Ala Asp Ile Lys Ala Thr Thr Val Phe Gly Gly Lys 180 185 190 Tyr Val Ser Leu Thr Thr Pro Lys Asn Pro Thr Lys Arg Arg Ile Thr 195 200 205 Pro Lys Asp Val Ile Asp Val Arg Ser Val Thr Thr Glu Ile Asn Thr 210 215 220 Leu Phe Gln Thr Leu Thr Ser Ile Ala Glu Lys Val Asp Pro Val Lys 225 230 235 240 Leu Asn Leu Thr Leu Ser Ala Ala Ala Glu Ala Leu Thr Gly Leu Gly 245 250 255 Asp Lys Phe Gly Glu Ser Ile Val Asn Ala Asn Thr Val Leu Asp Asp 260 265 270 Leu Asn Ser Arg Met Pro Gln Ser Arg His Asp Ile Gln Gln Leu Ala 275 280 285 Ala Leu Gly Asp Val Tyr Ala Asp Ala Ala Pro Asp Leu Phe Asp Phe 290 295 300 Leu Asp Ser Ser Val Thr Thr Ala Arg Thr Ile Asn Ala Gln Gln Ala 305 310 315 320 Glu Leu Asp Ser Ala Leu Leu Ala Ala Ala Gly Phe Gly Asn Thr Thr 325 330 335 Ala Asp Val Phe Asp Arg Gly Gly Pro Tyr Leu Gln Arg Gly Val Ala 340 345 350 Asp Leu Val Pro Thr Ala Thr Leu Leu Asp Thr Tyr Ser Pro Glu Leu 355 360 365 Phe Cys Thr Ile Arg Asn Phe Tyr Asp Ala Asp Pro Leu Ala Lys Ala 370 375 380 Ala Ala Gly Gly Gly Asn Gly Tyr Ser Leu Arg Thr Asn Ser Glu Ile 385 390 395 400 Leu Ser Gly Ile Gly Ile Ser Leu Leu Ser Pro Leu Ala Leu Ala Thr 405 410 415 Asn Gly Ala Ala Ile Gly Ile Gly Leu Val Ala Gly Leu Ile Ala Ser 420 425 430 Pro Leu Ala Val Ala Ala Asn Leu Ala Gly Ala Leu Pro Gly Ile Val 435 440 445 Gly Gly Ala Pro Asn Pro Tyr Thr Tyr Pro Glu Asn Leu Pro Arg Val 450 455 460 Asn Ala Arg Gly Gly Pro Gly Gly Ala Pro Gly Cys Trp Gln Pro Ile 465 470 475 480 Thr Arg Asp Leu Trp Pro Ala Pro Tyr Leu Val Met Asp Thr Gly Ala 485 490 495 Ser Leu Ala Pro Tyr Asn His Met Glu Val Gly Ser Pro Tyr Ala Val 500 505 510 Glu Tyr Val Trp Gly Arg Gln Val Gly Asp Asn Thr Ile Asn Pro 515 520 525 4 34 DNA Mycobacterium tuberculosis 4 ccgcggatcc gtgaacgccg acatcaaggc gacc 34 5 33 DNA Mycobacterium tuberculosis 5 catggatccc tatgcggcag ccccgcggtc agg 33 6 21 DNA Mycobacterium tuberculosis 6 gtatgtgtcg ttgaccacgc c 21 7 21 DNA Mycobacterium tuberculosis 7 actccgggcc tatgcggcag c 21 8 26 DNA Mycobacterium tuberculosis 8 gcgtgcatgc gttcggcgtg gaccgc 26 9 24 DNA Mycobacterium tuberculosis 9 tcaggtcgat cggcatcgta gaag 24 10 21 DNA Mycobacterium tuberculosis 10 cgagcagcgc aacgacgatg c 21 11 20 DNA Mycobacterium tuberculosis 11 ccgttgctga tgtgcgcgag 20 12 22 DNA Mycobacterium tuberculosis 12 catggtcagc cactgctact ac 22 13 23 DNA Mycobacterium tuberculosis 13 gaaccactcc gggcctatgc ggc 23 14 25 DNA Mycobacterium tuberculosis 14 gatctctgag ttcgtcctca gcgag 25 15 24 DNA Mycobacterium tuberculosis 15 cgacggttcc agtgattttc atgg 24 16 21 DNA Mycobacterium tuberculosis 16 ccgtatctgc agcggggggt c 21 17 671 DNA Mycobacterium tuberculosis 17 acctgattcc ggcaaatgtg aacgccgaca tcaaggcgac cacggtgttc ggcggtaagt 60 atgtgtcgtt gaccacgccg aaaaacccga caaagaggcg cataacgcca aaagacgtca 120 tcgacgtacg gtcggtgacc accgagatca acacgttgtt ccagacgctc acctcgatcg 180 ccgagaaggt ggatccggtc aagctgaacc tgaccctgag cgcggccgcg gaggcgttga 240 ccgggctggg cgataagttc ggcgagtcga tcgtcaacgc caacaccgtt ctggatgacc 300 tcaattcgcg gatgccgcag tcgcgccacg acattcagca attggcggct ctgggcgacg 360 tctacgccga cgcggcgccg gacctgttcg actttctcga cagttcggtg accaccgccc 420 gcaccatcaa tgcccagcaa gcggaactgg attcggcgct gttggcggcg gccgggttcg 480 gcaacaccac agccgatgtc ttcgaccgcg gcgggccgta tctgcagcgg ggggtcgccg 540 acctggtccc caccgccacc ctgctcgaca cttatagccc ggaactgttc tgcacgatcc 600 gcaacttcta cgatgccgat cgacctgacc gcggggctgc cgcataggcc cggagtggtt 660 cgcgatcggc g 671 

What we claim is:
 1. An isolated nucleic acid molecule encoding a mycobacterial protein associated with cell binding and cell entry of a Mycobacterium strain and having a molecular weight of about 45 to about 60 kDa.
 2. The nucleic acid molecule of claim 1 wherein said Mycobacterium species is a species of the tuberculosis complex.
 3. The nucleic acid molecule of claim 2 wherein said Mycobacterium strain is a strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
 4. The nucleic acid molecule of claim 2 wherein said Mycobacterium strain is a strain of Mycobacterium bovis.
 5. The nucleic acid molecule of claim 1 wherein said mycobacterial protein has substantially the following amino acid composition: Number of Amino Acids Residues Leucine 53 Arginine 32 Threonine 45 Alanine 60 Valine 40 Serine 43 Proline 38 Aspartic Acid 29 Isoleucine 24 Asparagine 23 Tyrosine 16 Glycine 45 Phenylalanine 14 Glutamic Acid 15 Lysine 15 Glutamine 12 Tryptophan  7 Methionine  7 Cysteine  6 Histidine  3


6. The nucleic acid molecule of claim 1 having a restriction map substantially as shown in FIG. 5 for M. bovis strain BCG or the corresponding restriction map from other mycobacteria from the tuberculosis complex.
 7. The nucleic acid molecule of claim 1 having a DNA sequence as shown in FIG. 6 (SEQ ID No: 2) for M. bovis strain BCG or the sequence of the corresponding gene of other mycobacteria from the tuberculosis complex.
 8. The nucleic acid molecule of claim 1 encoding an amino acid sequence as shown in FIG. 7 (SEQ ID No: 3) for M. bovis strain BCG or the corresponding sequence in other mycobacteria from the tuberculosis complex.
 9. An isolated DNA molecule amplifiable by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by a pair of primers having the sequences of primers 4879 (SEQ ID No: 12) and 4882 (SEQ ID No: 15) or 4879 (SEQ ID No: 12) and 4865 (SEQ ID No: 11); or 4879 (SEQ ID No: 12) and 4812 (SEQ ID No: 10).
 10. The DNA molecule of claim 9 from a Mycobacterium strain of the tuberculosis complex.
 11. The DNA molecule of claim 9 from a Mycobacterium strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
 12. The DNA molecule of claim 9 from a Mycobacterium strain of Mycobacterium bovis.
 13. A vector for transformation of a host comprising the nucleic acid molecule of claim 1 or the DNA molecule of claim
 9. 14. The vector of claim 13 further comprising DNA sequences for expression of said protein in said host.
 15. A transformed host containing an expression vector as claimed in claim
 14. 16. A recombinant mycobacterial protein associated with cell binding and cell entry producible by the transformed host of claim
 15. 17. A plasmid containing the gene encoding a mycobacterial protein associated with cell binding and cell entry of a strain of Mycobacterium having the identifying characteristics of plasmid pBCGcepX having ATCC Deposit No.
 97511. 18. A method of determining the presence, in a sample, of nucleic acid encoding a mycobacterial protein associated with cell binding and cell entry and having a molecular weight between about 45 and about 60 kDa of a strain of Mycobacterium, which comprises the steps of: (a) contacting the sample with the nucleic acid molecule of claim 1 or the DNA molecule of claim 9 to produce duplexes comprising the nucleic acid molecule or DNA molecule and any nucleic acid molecule encoding the protein present in the sample and specifically hybridizable therewith; and (b) determining production of the duplexes.
 19. A diagnostic kit for determining the presence, in a sample, of nucleic acid encoding a mycobacterial protein associated with cell binding and cell entry and having a molecular weight of between about 45 and about 60 kDa of a strain of Mycobacterium, comprising: (a) the nucleic acid molecule of claim 1 or the DNA molecule of claim 9; (b) contacting means to contact the nucleic acid molecule or DNA molecule with the sample to produce duplexes comprising the nucleic acid molecule or DNA molecule and any nucleic acid molecule encoding the protein present in the sample and hybridizable with the nucleic acid or DNA molecule; and (c) identifying means to determine production of the duplexes.
 20. A method for detection of a strain of Mycobacterium in a sample of tissue or body fluids, which comprises: providing a pair of primers which are primers 4879 (SEQ ID No: 12) and 4882 (SEQ ID No: 15); or 4879 (SEQ ID No. 12) and 4865 (SEQ ID No: 11); or 4879 (SEQ ID No: 12) and 4812 (SEQ ID No: 10); contacting the sample with the probes; performing a polymerase chain reaction to amplify an amplifiable nucleic acid sequence encoding a mycobacterial protein associated with cell binding or cell entry; and detecting the amplified DNA sequence which indicates the presence of a strain of Mycobacterium in the sample.
 21. An oligonucleotide primer selected from the group consisting of primers 4879 (SEQ ID No: 12), 4882 (SEQ ID No: 15), 4865 (SEQ ID No: 11) and 4812 (SEQ ID No: 10).
 22. A method of producing a substantially pure recombinant mycobacterial protein associated with cell binding and cell entry and having a molecular weight between about 45 kDa and 60 kDa, which comprises: transforming a host with a vector as claimed in claim 14; growing the transformed host to express the protein, and isolating and purifying the protein free from other proteinaceous and cellular material.
 23. An isolated and purified mycobacterial protein associated with cell binding and cell entry of a Mycobacterium strain and having a molecular weight of between about 45 and about 60 kDa.
 24. The protein of claim 23 which is that of a Mycobacterium strain of the tuberculosis complex.
 25. The protein of claim 23 which is that of a Mycobacterium strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
 26. The protein of claim 23 which is that of a strain of Mycobacterium bovis.
 27. The protein of claim 23 produced by the procedure of claim
 22. 28. The protein of claim 23 having substantively the following amino acid composition: Number of Amino Acids Residues Leucine 53 Arginine 32 Threonine 45 Alanine 60 Valine 40 Serine 43 Proline 38 Aspartic Acid 29 Isoleucine 24 Asparagine 23 Tyrosine 16 Glycine 45 Phenylalanine 14 Glutamic Acid 15 Lysine 15 Glutamine 12 Tryptophan  7 Methionine  7 Cysteine  6 Histidine  3


29. An immunogenic composition, comprising at least one component selected from the group consisting of at least one isolated nucleic acid molecule as claimed in claim 1, at least one isolated DNA molecule as claimed in claim 9, at least one recombinant mycobacterial protein as claimed in claim 16 and at least one protein as claimed in claim 23 as an active component thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier therefor.
 30. A method of generating an immune response in a host, which comprises administering to the host an immunoeffective amount of the immunogenic composition of claim
 29. 